Amalgam and composites are used to fill cavities or tooth decays, restoring tooth structure lost to decay. Cavities are small holes in the teeth caused by bacteria, poor oral hygiene and too many sugar drinks. It is permanent damage at the tooth structure leading to a physical hole or cavities.
To prevent tooth decay and fillings you could:
- Minimize your sugar consumption: eating too much food or drinks with lots of sugar can increase the risk of tooth decay and cavities. Bacteria within the mouth will feed off the sugar, releasing the acids that wear down the tooth’s structure
- Brush your teeth 2-3 times a day. Floss daily and use mouthwash 2-3 times a week.
- See your dentist regularly for any signs of tooth decay and other oral concerns. Do not wait until it hurts, as it will cost more to fix the tooth. The sooner you see a dentist, the easier the repair job.
Amalgams and composites are some of the most common ways to fill up the cavities
Amalgams
Amalgam fillings have been used for more than 150 years and are good alternatives for restoration of the molar and premolar teeth. They are known as “silver fillings”, because of their silver-like appearance. The popularity of this procedure has decreased over the years as there have been other varieties of filling option.
Amalgam is a mixture of metals, containing liquid mercury and powdered alloy of silver, tin and copper. Mercury is used as it helps make the filling material flexible. When it is mixed with powdered alloy, a soft compound is created to mix and press into the tooth. The alloy will normal set between 3-5 minutes.
The procedure of amalgam starts with numbing the area and cleaning away the cavity hole. Once the decayed area is removed, the cavity is cut into shape, allowing the amalgam to sit in place. The amalgam is placed into the prepared cavity and before hardening, it is carved to a the anatomy of the tooth and shaped to fit the curves and contours of the opposing tooth. Lastly, the dentist will check your bite and make any adjustments to the filling, if needed, to ensure there are no discomfort in the mouth or excessive pressure points to the new filling.
The downside to having an amalgam is the appearance. Because of the silver colouring of the filling, some people are discouraged from it as it is noticeable and not natural looking. It also requires a larger portion of the tooth to be removed in order to retain the filling.
The main benefits of Amalgam fillings are typically less expensive and have an easier procedure compared to composite fillings. They are usually more durable to wear and tear from chewing pressure – granting a long lifespan and durability. They can last from 10 – 15 years before needing replacements.
One of the biggest concerns about amalgam fillings was if it was harmful due to the mercury used in the filling. Lots of articles have shown different opinions, some claiming it was very dangerous and some saying it was harmless.
Food and Drug Association (FDA) did extensive research in 2019 on the safety of amalgam fillings and have concluded it is harmless and safe for anyone aged 6 years old and up. There has been no evidence to support any risks of the health, if the recommended hygiene procedures are followed. Only 1% of the population is allergic to mercury, which then another solution of filling would be proposed.
American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs states “studies continue to support the position that dental amalgam is a safe restorative option for both children and adults”. https://www.ada.org/about/governance/current-policies#dentalamalgam
Since mercury occurs in the environment naturally in air, water and food, every human is exposed to it. Having some contact of mercury through amalgam isn’t that much different to other daily exposures.
Composite
Composite fillings are the most common dental filling because of their natural appearance. The fillings are typically made of resin and powdered glass. They bond to the teeth which provides additional support to the tooth which amalgams don’t offer. Composites is a great option for any visible teeth eg. front teeth restoration.
Before the procedure, an appropriate shade will be chosen for the restoration to be created. The procedure of composite filling starts with numbing the area and cleaning away the decayed tooth. The area must and remain extremely dry and is done so by a suction tool to remove saliva during the procedure. Often the dentist will also use rubber dam to keep the tooth isolated and to control the moisture. Inside of the tooth will be etched (roughened) with a weak acid to help the composite filling to stick, then coated with a thin layer of bonding material.
The prepared cavity is filled with the composite material, bonding directly to the tooth. The dentist will check your bite and make any adjustments to the filling, if needed, to ensure there are no discomforts in the mouth.
The biggest reason composite fillings are so popular is because they are more aesthetically pleasing since they match the rest of your teeth. They require less drilling unlike amalgams, so not much tooth structure is disturbed.
The few downsides to a composite filling is the durability and price. The materials it is made from is less durable and can break/chip easily, meaning you would need to go in for a replacement quicker than amalgam fillings. Composite fillings may last on average 5 – 10 years.
Composites are more expensive than amalgams which could be a huge factor to some clients.
There are quite a few Cosmetic dentists in your area that can recreate a natural looking tooth that looks almost exactly like your own tooth! To see the lists of Cosmetic dentist in your area, click the link below. They are often a member of the New Zealand academy of Cosmetic dentistry NZACD and specially trained to recreate a natural looking biomimetic tooth using different layers, shades and staining of composite.
https://dentistsnearme.co.nz/listing-category/cosmetic-dentist/
Which dental filling is better ?
So which is better? It would depend on personal preference and the circumstance/situation. If a tooth is easily seen eg. front tooth, the composite fillings would be a much better option for a natural look. Although it is a bit more expensive than an amalgam, it would boost anyones confidence to smile and not feel insecure about their teeth.
If there was a problem in the molar, then an amalgam could settle it. It is not as noticeable and could save some money. It is more appealing as it is more durable – less replacements which means less cost.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between composite and amalgam?
Composite fillings are made of resins, containing quartz or glass. It is natural looking as it is made to appear like the rest of your teeth.
Amalgam fillings are made of mercury and powdered alloy of silver, tin and copper. It has a silver-like appearance.
What or how long can I eat after fillings?
Amalgam filling does not harden immediately so it is recommended to wait 24 hours before eating solid or hard foods.
Composite fillings harden instantly under blue light during the procedure. But it is recommended to wait until anesthesia wears off to avoid any biting of the tongue, cheek or lips.
How do I take care of my fillings?
After your filling, taking care of your fillings would be your normal routine. Brushing twice a day and flossing regularly. Be sure to visit your dentist at least twice a year for dental exams and cleanings. This will ensure the filling is still intact and protecting your tooth.
Unfortunately, fillings do not last forever and need to be replaced after many years. Having a regular dental check up will ensure if replacement is needed – looking out for crack or chips in the filling.
How long do fillings last?
Amalgam fillings are known to last a bit longer than composite fillings. Amalgams can last up to 10 – 15 years. Composite fillings can last from 5 – 10 years.
Be sure to go for regular check ups with a local dentist and to see if the fillings need replacing.
